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Meeting	ACGS Committee Meeting 115 - Portland, OR - March 2015
Agenda Location	7 SUBCOMMITTEE A – AERONAUTIC AND SURFACE VEHICLES 7.4 Comparison of Envelope Limiting Schemes
Title	Comparison of Envelope Limiting Schemes
Presenter	Tony Lambregts
Affiliation	FAA-Retired
Available Downloads*	presentation
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Abstract	Flight Envelope Protection for Automatic and Augmented Manual Control Abstract. This presentation discusses Loss of Control (LOC) accident and incidents associated with automatic and FBW manual control and application Envelope Protection functions to mitigate LOC. The root causes of LOC accidents and incidents involving automation are discussed, including not only pilot error, but also contributing causes such as design complexity, mixed manual-automatic operations, and incomplete automation, where the pilot must intervene under certain conditions to maintain flight safety. Next the presentation discusses ways to reduce LOC incidents and accidents through more capable automation designs and the addition of Envelope Protection Functions. The presentation reviews Envelope Protection (EP) design Objectives and Requirements, as well as functional, safety and performance objectives and design guidelines. Various approaches to designing envelope protection functions are discussed for airplanes under automatic or augmented manual Fly by Wire (FBW) control, to prevent stall, overspeed, excessive Normal Load Factor (NLF), as well as excessive roll attitudes and interactions with the low speed protection functions. Simulation time histories are included and discussed to bring attention to important Envelope Protection design issues and provide examples what can be achieved. Loss of control due to failure conditions in the flight control system itself are not specifically addressed in this presentation. Mr. Anthony (Tony) A. Lambregts, retired Last Position held: FAA Chief Scientific and Technical Adviser Advanced Control Systems MS in Aeronautical Engineering, Delft University (Netherlands) BS in Aeronautical Engineering, Delft University (Netherlands) Five Boeing Inventor Awards (17 patents held) Three NASA Awards Private pilot Mr. Lambregts retired in 2013, after working 45 years in flight control engineering development and certification. From 1996 to 2013 he served as FAA Chief Scientist and Technical Adviser for Flight Guidance and Control, with special interest in design integration, performance and safety of automatic and FBW flight control designs. From 1968 to 1996 he worked for the Boeing Company on a wide variety of production and research projects in both the commercial and the military divisions of the company. He has participated in automatic and augmented manual (FBW) flight control system development and certification efforts, including designs for the 747, the 747SP, the 737-300 the 757/767, as well as for several NASA research airplanes. He has managed a variety of projects, including flight guidance and control systems for the NASA TCV B737, the TECS/THCS advanced functionally integrated flight control project, the Condor UAV autonomous flight control system, the HSCT FBW flight controls system , as well as Enhanced Vision/ Situation Awareness and Fly-by-Light programs. In 1995/1996 he was on assignment in the Netherlands, working with Fokker Aircraft on fly-by-wire technology transfer and teaching at the Delft University of Technology. Mr. Lambregts contributed notable patents in the fields of airplane control in turbulence, windshear detection/compensation, automatic landing, integration of multi axes/multi mode control and advanced fly-by-wire controls/displays. He has published a number of authoritative papers on advanced design and safety of automatic flight control systems.